Communism Or Democracy Essays - G20 Nations,

Communism Or Democracy Gradualism is naturally the most feasible approach to any situation. Since the fall of the iron curtain, these two Communist power houses have chose to move towards democracy. China has chosen to take the natural, more gradual approach to democracy where as Russia has chosen the fast-paced, more dangerous approach. These two nations have chosen to change their economies from a collectivized command one to a market oriented one in order to increase the standard of living in their countries. As we have seen in recent years, China is booming and becoming more and more successful, while Russia seems like it is regressing back to parochial ways. It is impossible to compare anything but Russia and China's approaches to change, and the results that incurred. The two nations have vastly different economies and to compare one economy to another would be illogical. China and Russia's approach to change are vastly different, almost like night and day. China's political and economic policy has always been to do things gradually. Whereas Russia believed in going through the necessary changes quickly, so that the hardship would in turn pass just as quickly. In the implementation of their policies, we have seen that China's approach has led to a 29% of growth in their industrial field. But in comparison, Russia only yielded 15% with their approach. But one must keep in mind that China has more industrial sectors than does Russia, so their job in improving industry is notably easier than Russia's feat in developing an industry. Politically, the two nations have the same policies that they held in their economies. China believes in gradually letting the people have more access to political freedom. And again, Russia's policy has been to flood them all at once with these new found freedoms. Unfortunately Russia's policy hasn't been the most naturally feasible approach again. Their people have been suddenly bombarded with all of these new found freedoms they have never experience before. They are like little children let loose in a candy store. There are all of these new things available to them, and most of the younger generation wants too try everything at once. All of these citizens experimenting with their new freedoms are creating political chaos. The Russian citizens don't have time to savor their new freedoms and are just trying to grab them from left and right. For they are probably afraid that if they don't take their freedoms quickly, they will leave as quickly as they came. On the other hand, China refuses to allow their citizens run the nation. Instead they are continuing to shun democracy. They refuse to have democratic elections, pro-democracy demonstrations, and still censor the press. They are still trying to maintain that wall that separates them from the rest of the world. From a democratic aspect, China's approach is appalling. China is refusing basic democratic rights that the Western nation citizens take for granted. China is under the misconception that they can give it's people little crumbs of freedom and keep them from wanting more. China's leaders think that they can keep controlling that many people for an undetermined amount of time, they don't realize that once the people know about a better life, nothing can stop them from pursuing that life also. So looking at Russia and China's political policies, it is safe to say that what is good for the economy may not necessarily be good for the people. When looking at evolution and physiology, one will also notice that changes naturally happen gradually. Over time, living organisms change and evolve, but the key ingredient is time.

Marajuana essays

Marajuana essays Marijuana, the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States, has four million regular users. Hemp, the plant that the drug marijuana is derived from, scientifically known as cannibas sativa, was first grown in 1611. The practice of smoking marijuana, however, did not begin until the 1920s, during a very intolerant time period of Americas history where the prohibition of alcohol was being considered. The first marijuana users happened to be the same users of opiate, mainly immigrants. Because of the negative connotation of immigrants, marijuana immediately became classified as a narcotic. A narcotic that possessed a psychological dependence, initiated crime, and caused insanity. For these reasons in 1937, congress established marijuana as an illegal drug in all fifty states. Surprisingly, not once was any research performed on marijuana and its effects during this time period (www.angelfire.com). For the past decade, the prohibition of marijuana has proved to be a c olossal failure; therefore, a new approach needs to be taken. Marijuana has even now surpassed corn as Americas cash crop. Judge Whitmann Napp stated, After twenty years on the bench I have concluded that federal drug laws are a disaster. It is time to get the government out of drug enforcement. (New York Times, May 14th, 1993). Medical uses, its safety compared to other drugs, and its legal benefits require its immediate legalization. Through research, doctors have found that marijuana possesses multiple medical uses. Prohibition is limiting its medical capabilities. Research demonstrates that marijuana contains therapeutic uses, including the ability to reduce nausea and vomiting, stimulate an appetite, promote weight gain, and diminish intraocular pressure from glaucoma. THC, Tetrahydrocannabino, the active ingredient of marijuana, decreases muscle spasticity and lessens tremors from spinal cord injuries and multiple scler...

Why are the division of labour and the factory so controversial Essay

Why are the division of labour and the factory so controversial - Essay Example Division of labour is an approach used in completion of tasks. This normally involves the breaking down of a complex task, into many simpler tasks, which are then handled by different workers. These workers work on the parts of the task, which they are specialized in; as these are the tasks, they are assigned. According to Sabel (1982), division of labour has both positive and negative influences on workers and factories. These effects are both social and economic in nature. The controversy surrounding division of labour in factories has however, been a historical issue. In this paper, I will focus on the works of different scholars, including Adam Smith, Frederick Taylor, Karl Marx, among many others, whose contributions to the concept of division of labour contributes to the controversial debate on the issue. I will compare and contrast their approaches used to address division of labour in factories, and its effects. Adam Smith first used the term division of labour, in his work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. He defined division of labor as the process in industries, where the process of manufacturing is divided into simpler and specific operations that are assigned to particular workers to handle. Smith supported the process of division of labour, citing that this process is capable of more productivity in a factory, compared to those factories that do not employ division of labour in their operations. He also attributes division of labour to the increase of judgment and skill level in workers (Smith 1976). Although Adam Smith was not responsible for coining the term division of labour, or the first to address the concept, his ideas and thinking on the effects of division of labour had an impact on the other thinkers that came after him, including Karl Marx (Hill 2004). Different thinkers show different perceptions toward division of labour, which are both positive and negative. Adam Smith was positive about division of lab our, but did not focus on the long-term effects of division of labour (Hill 2004). The contribution of Adam Smith to the effects of division of labour remains important today. He focused on the analysis of the benefits of this process, based on its approach of job specialization. Smith argued that division of labour was beneficiary to both factories and workers, as it boosted independence of workers (Hill 2004). Smith considered specialization detrimental to workers. Although this serves to reduce the quantity of work, Smith identified other negative effects of specialization. First, he argued that when a worker is restricted to only particular aspects of a job, this also restricts their natural inventiveness. Additionally, this impairs the worker’s physical capabilities (Smith 1976). This also limits their use of physical strength in performing different duties, since they are physically programmed to perform only specific duties. Smith also notes that, this turns workers in to automated machines, as like machines; they only have one line of duty to perform. Smith did not however, recommend any solutions. He believed that specialization was a natural process, which cannot be avoided by humans, but which humans can adapt to (Smith 1976: Hill 2004). Smith (1976) considered division of labour as responsible for propagating social inequality and exploitation of workers. When masters are in disputes with their workers, the workers are the losers. However, Smith believed that in specialization, workers had the opportunity to be their own bosses, therefore, also had the chance to leave work in the factories, and go

From the Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

From the Autobiography Of Malcolm X - Essay Example It is a moment in which a person develops wisdom and comprehension that transforms his or her life. Malcolm’s a-ha moment, from the excerpt, is the period in which he developed literacy and proficiency in English. This moment of development was a period of relief because it terminated Malcolm’s initially developed frustration regarding his poor ability to communicate in writing. He explains that he previously wrote letters to different recipients but the parties never replied to his letters, and although he believes that they might not have received the letters, he admits that the letters were written in sketches and the inability to communicate in writing, as he communicated orally, frustrated him. Malcolm then begun to improve his literacy level by reading while he was in Charlestown prison. This however faced a challenge as he did not understand many words but he pressed on, motivated by people around him. The learning moment however culminated through his study of t he dictionary while he was in Norfolk Prison College and he was later able to read and understand diversified literature (McGraw 21-23). The learning moment was his defining moment because it garnered him the required knowledge and wisdom that he previously lacked. His self-concept of the two periods, before the learning moment and after, explains this. Before the moment, Malcolm was unable to read and write. He admits to this by reporting his frustration from the fact that he could not communicate his opinions in writing as adequately as he could do orally. He was accustomed to slang corrupted language to the extent that he could not write a formal communication, even in Basic English. Malcolm however recons with a high level of literacy and proficiency in his later communications that people associated with a formally educated speaker, but he points out that the achievement is attributable to the learning efforts and opportunities that he had during his moments in prison (McGraw

Why should anyone study philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why should anyone study philosophy - Essay Example The meaning of this is that as long as an individual has his ideological persuasions guiding his life’s decisions and principles, that person may be said to be having his own philosophy. This means that philosophy can be defined broadly or even narrowly, depending on a person’s preference (Proffitt & Webster). The broad aspect of philosophy and its definition are underscored by the fact that during the classical era, even linguistics was considered part of philosophy. In itself, the phrase philosophy is a Greek compound philo and Sophia, meaning loving and knowledge, respectively. Although one may compound philo and Sophia and conclude that philosophy is the love or quest for knowledge, yet this definition barely suffices. Philosophy is indeed a love and a quest for knowledge but not all love and quest for knowledge are philosophical or philosophy. One can agree with Wallenmaier’s attempt at a more tenable definition of philosophy as the attempt to acquire knowle dge by rational means, concerning topics which are not amenable to empirical investigation (Wallenmaier, 340). The foregoing does not only reveal the difficulty which man has encountered in his attempt to define philosophy, but the simple-yet-so-complex nature which graces and characterizes philosophy. For instance, although Wallenmaier’s attempt seems the most plausible so far, yet it has its deficiencies. The plausibility of Wallenmaier’s definition is seen in the facts that: seeing philosophy as an attempt to acquire knowledge separates philosophy from creative disciplines such as music and literature; the rational aspect of philosophy which Wallenmaier mentions disassociates philosophy from religion and mysticism; and topics that are not amenable to empirical investigation as the focus of philosophy distinguish philosophy from empirical sciences such as biology and physics. Nonetheless, the difficulty in defining philosophy is underpinned by the broad nature of phi losophy which suffuses even into all other disciplines such as law, medicine, mathematics, art, linguistics and anthropology. In a separate wavelength, the reasons for studying philosophy may not be as difficult as the definition of the same may be. This is because taking an interest and having a passion in philosophy is inherent to philosophers or those who aspire to become philosophers. One may see the importance of studying in light of its three branches- epistemology, metaphysics and ethics, though these are not the only sub-disciplines of philosophy. Metaphysics examines or studies the nature of reality, especially in light of the relationship between the mind and substance, matter and attribute and fact and value. Conversely, metaphysics may be defined as the study of the essence of things and of the fundamental principles which pattern or organize the universe. In a conventional systems philosophy, the organization of the universe is construed as the fundamental principle of existence (rather than the laws of nature, matter or God). Because of this nature of metaphysics for instance, philosophy may help one investigate where the organization and complex patterning of the universe comes from. Herein, it is fit to posit that studying metaphysics will help the student have a more comprehensive understanding of ontology. This is because, in the study of metaphysics, the learner will also encounter evolutionary-systematic philosophy where essence is qualified as a process by which organization is created. In this light, ontology proceeds from elementary actions, in lieu of static objects,

The mysteries of the subconscious mind

The mysteries of the subconscious mind Because your subconscious mind is difficult to access directly though your conscious mind, its difficult to know for certain whats going on in the deepest recesses of your psyche. Sometimes, though, the subconscious speaks up and makes a brief appearance in your conscious awareness. Once you learn to notice these intrusions of the subconscious, you can use this information to help you make decisions in your conscious mind. Did I say that? Have you ever meant to say one thing, but then said something else entirely? When you call someone by the wrong name, for instance, is that just a mistake, or is it actually a call from your subconscious mind? Many dub these errors in speech and writing Freudian slips as Sigmund Freud used them to gain insight into information he believed his patient was repressing. Consider that your accidents may actually be a moment of insight into your most concealed, conflicting desires. Write the incident down next time it happens and give some thought to what it might mean. Have a hunch? Sometimes you get a gut feeling about a person or situation. Maybe you think youre applying for the job youve always wanted, but once its offered to you, you sense that somethings not right about the situation. Some believe this intuition comes from your subconscious mind, which is a storehouse of valuable information, not all of which your conscious mind has access to. Learning to quiet your mind and trust your intuition is one of ways you can gain a deeper connection to your subconscious wisdom. Subliminal messages These are considered any information you absorb below a certain level of conscious awareness. While researchers differ in their opinions about the effectiveness of subliminal messages, many studies indicate that there are potential benefits to incorporating information into your subconscious minds. For instance, some studies have shown that exposing patients to anti-smoking subliminal messages during elective surgery have helped a good number of patients reduce or quit their smoking habits by the one-month post-surgical appointment. By introducing the appropriate subliminal messages, the powerful subconscious mind can influence the conscious mind to respond positively. Tapping Into Your Subconscious Now that youre somewhat aware of what your subconscious is potentially capable of as well as what its currently preoccupied with, read about some techniques that are designed to access that valuable part of your brain. Dream interpretation A number of famous pioneers in psychology had hypotheses about what dreams mean. Freud believed that dreams are disconnected from conscious reality, and that they are indicators your deepest subconscious wishes and desires. He distinguished two levels of dreams: the manifest level, which is the action in the dream, and the latent level, which is borne out in the symbolic elements. He found the symbolic elements the most informative about the workings of the subconscious, and thats what the technique below should help to access. Carl Jung also studied dreams. There are many different techniques you can use to interpret your own dreams and illuminate your deepest motives and desires, but the next time you have a troubling or confusing dream, try Jungs direct association technique: 1. In the center of a large, blank sheet of paper, write down the most compelling image or element in your dream. Maybe its a body of water or an animal. 2. Write down the first word or phrase that comes to mind when you think of that aspect of your dream. 3. Continue writing down the words or phrases you associate with that image. For example, if the central element you started with was the sun, and the first word you thought of was bright, the second word or phrase you write down should also be associated with the sun. 4. Do this process as quickly as possible, without stopping to think or consider too much. The more conscious thinking you do, the less likely youll be able to access your subconscious associations during this exercise. 5. Once youve run out of associations, review the words youve written down, and consider how these might connect with what you already know about the circumstances in your life in your conscious mind. Self-hypnosis Hypnosis is a deep state of mental relaxation that allows you greater access to your subconscious mind. Early on, before Freud became more focused on free association, he used this technique with his patients to uncover their unconscious issues and desires. You can hypnotize yourself using a number of techniques, but first try the following simple steps: 1. Sit in a quiet place where you wont be disturbed. 2. Close your eyes and inhale and exhale ten times, slowly and deeply. 3. Tell yourself the following, filling in the blanks for yourself: Im going into this trance to help my subconscious mind _________. (For example, believe Im a good person, just the way I am.) 4. Count backwards from 20. When you reach 1, look around inside your mind and see who is there and what you see. Allow your mind to flow freely. 5. When youre ready to come back into your conscious mind, start counting up from 1. When you reach 20, take a deep breath, open your eyes, and examine what youve discovered in your conscious mind. Freewriting Freud used the technique of free association with his patients. By having them speak freely about whatever happened to come into their minds, regardless of whether it seemed related to anything significant, Freud believed he could uncover their underlying problems and their subconscious conflicts. You can simulate your own version of this technique through the process of freewriting: 1. Sit down with a notebook and a pen or pencil. 2. Choose a topic that you want to know more about (perhaps the realm of life that youre struggling with the most). 3. Set a timer for fifteen minutes. 4. Once the timer starts, write continuously for the entire time. Do not stop to think. Dont worry about punctuation or grammar or sense. Just keep your pen moving and write everything and anything that comes to mind. 5. Once the timer goes off, sit back and read what youve just written. Does the content seem to focus on anything in particular? Are there interesting repetitions? What is the tone of adjectives youve used? 6. Now consider whats going on in your life.

Grendel a Philisophical Point of View Essay -- Essays Papers

Grendel a Philisophical Point of View Grendel follows the philosophical evolution, from solipsism to nihilism, of a socially isolated creature, a monster. It is an examination of human supernatural curiosity and its many dangers, specifically the tendency toward blind cynicism. Grendel is a censure of the rapid growth of this cynicism in twentieth century society and the consequent widespread distrust of abstract ideals. In investigating his own nature, the monster in the story destroys himself. He realizes that the universe is determined, accidental, and so he loses faith in his own importance. With time, he becomes a beast, until eventually his soul has wholly left him. He does not die for love, or for passion, or for freedom. His spirit dies instead simply, hopelessly, mired in boredom and anger, without courage or sadness. Grendel is dead long before his body fails him. He fades away, and the most important theme in this novel is that such self-destruction, though tempting, is not the only answer. Grendel's first defense against a brute universe is solipsism: the belief that the self can know only itself and that it is the only existent thing. As the novel clearly demonstrates, solipsism is a weak defense. However loudly a creature may declare its godhood, the universe continues to function independently. However a creature may deny the reality of outside factors, outside factors will continue to impose themselves upon his everyday existence. The main flaw in so...

Airbnb and Ebay Are Similar in That Both Companies

1. Airbnb and eBay are similar in that both companies run online marketplaces that ‘match’ buyers with sellers. How should Airbnb’s reputation system differ from that of eBay? Although both Airbnb and eBay provide online marketplaces to match buyers and sellers, Airbnb focuses on one specific area: online marketplace for accommodations whereas eBay runs online marketplaces in a much broader scope, from Fashion items electronics all the way to collectibles, in other words, the transactions happening on eBay everyday are related to almost every corner of our daily life.More specifically, Airbnb's customer base can be narrowed down to hosts (sellers) and guests (buyers) respectively while eBay serves everyone who performs online transactions. Also, in many cases eBay transactions occurred when the buyers purchased concrete merchandises from the sellers while Airbnb marketplaces are for virtual services accommodations. A lot of details can be put in place to describe concrete merchandises but it is much harder to do so for service like â€Å"virtual† commodities.The most direct impact of such differences regarding to the reputation system is that we need to take into account the special needs of Airbnb's special customer base in addition to what hold true to both eBay and Airbnb customers in general: people who perform online buying and selling. Some of the issues mentioned in the 2011 paper may have been fixed but the below statements are based on the description of 2011 paper for Airbnb. 1. When it comes to accommodations, we know the guest wants to know if the room the host posted satisfies his/her needs.Airbnb should provide a neutral system to rank the houses/apartments based on some standard criteria. The host can certainly brag about how good of the house is (e. g. location close to nearby grocery stores) but only those houses/apartments that satisfy the Airbnb standards can be â€Å"certified†. For example, in addition to t he number of positive/negative feedbacks a host received, Airbnb can also hire independent investigators to ensure the accommodations the hosts claim to provide do in fact have all the highlighted options available.This will increase the operational cost for Airbnb but will help the guests gain much greater confidence on the prospective accommodations. On the other hand, the hosts are also eager to make sure the guests will behave appropriately while they stay in the hosts' properties. In addition to the past records of stays that the guests have made in Airbnb, Airbnb can also work with partners (such as travel agencies, hotel chains, credit history investigation agencies) to get more information about the guests.Airbnb can also hold certain amount of money during the stay of the guest and release the money if the host confirms no damage happened or such. In fact, keeping the house/apartment in good condition should be one of the standard feedback items that the host can provide to the guest. 2. To make the reputation system works better, the feedback on both hosts and guests should be standardized (the feedback providers are certainly welcome to provide additional comments though) rather than free-formed so that more objective evaluation can be made. . An award and penalty process can be integrated into the reputation system so â€Å"good† hosts and guests will be awarded (e. g. paying less Airbnb fees or cash rewards) and â€Å"bad† ones will be penalized (e. g. paying more Airbnb fees all the way to terminate accounts). This additional incentive can help motivate both hosts and guests do better whenever they can. 4. Airbnb needs to provide a worry free evaluation process for both hosts and guests.Specifically, the hosts hesitate to give negative feedbacks to the guests as the guests may in turn provide negative feedbacks to the hosts as well. The same applies when the guests are providing feedbacks to the hosts. Some technical way can prevent this from happening. For example, a guest can only see the feedback from the host after the guest successfully submitted his/her feedback to the same host.In summary, instead of completing the transaction right after the buyer paid the money, the Airbnb transaction should last during the whole course from the time a guest submits the accommodation request to the time the feedbacks from both hosts and guests have been submitted and approved. Such long-living transaction essence should be reflected in the reputation system so that each stage of the transaction is well defined and well evaluated. The reputation system can become more reliable if the aforementioned steps are implemented.

International real estate market essay

International real estate market essay International real estate market essay International real estate market essayInternational real estate market is one of the most attractive investment options for SMEs. Although the market itself is perceived as one of the most secure ones, there are both risks and opportunities associated with emerging real estate markets. Emerging markets became more attractive for SMEs after the U.S. housing crisis of 2007-2008 (Howard, 2010). However, taking into account higher risks associated with marketing strategies and policies in emerging countries, the optimal strategy for SMEs is to diversify their real estate investments or to purchase real estate and resell it in the short- or medium-run period. It should be noted that many countries have favorable regulations aimed at boosting the housing market and allow SMEs to purchase and sell out property.Most buyers of real estate belong to middle and upper class, and the proportion of upper class buyers recently increased due to the recession which took place in 2008 while middle-cl ass buyers chose to save instead of investing (Howard, 2010). The major number of real estate purchases is made by home owners for personal use; the remaining purchases are made for SMEs and wealthy individuals for resale and sometimes for rental purposes. There is also a category of buyers who belong to emerging economies but tend to invest into real estate in developed countries.European real estate market is largely characterized by purchases for local purposes, while real estate customers in Russia, China and in the Middle East are very active and tend to purchase property abroad (Van der Borght, 2012). European SMEs prefer to purchase real estate in Spain, Greece, Cyprus and in French Riviera. The criteria for choosing real estate among European SMEs are taxation, recreational opportunity and safe environment. In general, the preferences of European buyers from different countries such as Germany, Norway, Sweden, the UK, Finland and Netherlands are similar.Russian SMEs seek for expensive real estate purchases the number of affluent Russian customers searching for luxury real estate above â‚ ¬2 million increased to 8% (Van der Borght, 2012). Russian customers focus on the following countries: Bulgaria, Spain, Turkey, Montenegro, Italy, Cyprus, Germany, Greece and France (Van der Borght, 2012). Key psychological factors driving the purchases of Russian buyers are the prestige of foreign possessions and the need to secure investments against political and economic instability. The criteria for purchasing real estate for Russian SMEs include proximity to well-developed European countries, personal experience and opportunities for tourists.Chinese SMEs also demonstrate strong interest to real estate overseas, primarily due to heavy regulations and control measures used for the internal real estate market. Statistics shows that 30% of Chinese home buyers started looking for overseas real estate (Dunning, 2008). In particular, the investors from mainland Chi na and Hong Kong constitute 10.8% of real estate seekers in the United States (Garvin Artermis, 2009). Chinese SMEs also actively purchase real estate in Australia and Europe and are most attracted to countries with large Chinese diaspora. Chinese buyers pay a lot of attention to educational opportunities for their children, and view investments into real estate overseas as a means of securing their future and the future of their relatives in the case of problems in China.Middle Eastern real estate buyers express notable interest to the European market and moderate interest to the real estate market in the United States. Middle Eastern SMEs prefer purchasing premium segment real estate objects. Customers from Middle East pay significant attention to the UK real estate market, primarily due to the historical links created between Middle Eastern countries and the UK in the colonial era. For Middle Eastern buyers, the prestige of the location and the neighborhood are very important re al estate characteristics.Regarding Cypruss position in real estate market, it is possible to assess it as emerging. The country is now challenging real estate positions of such market leaders as Spain and Greece. While Spain is viewed as a more expensive investment location and Greece is perceived as the economically unstable market, Cyprus emerges as an important real estate player with reasonable real estate prices and sufficient level of economic development. Although Cyprus is located relatively far from key European countries, its integration with the EU made real estate market more attractive for European buyers. Russian buyers also demonstrate notable interest to real estate in Cyprus. Further improvement of economic situation and social stability combined with loyal fiscal policies and encouragement of foreign investment will attract more international customers to Cyprus and fuel real estate market.

August Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays

August Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays Although the United States doesnt celebrate any official holidays during the month of August, the eighth month of the Gregorian calendar does celebrate the birthdays of many famous inventors, writers, scientists, and creators- find out who shares your August birthday. August is also the month when many great inventions, works of art, and scientific discoveries were first patented, trademarked, or copyrighted, so if youre looking for what happened on this day in history during the month of August, theres plenty to discover. Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights From the copyright registration of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz to Thomas Edisons invention of the kinetographic  camera, August has celebrated a number of patents, trademarks, and copyrights throughout the years. August 1 1900: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum was copyright registered.1941: The first Jeep rolled off the assembly line, and Willy’s Truck Company was the first company to create a jeep. August 2 1904: A patent for a glass shaping machine was granted to Michael Owen. The immense production of glass bottles and jars today owes its inception to this invention. August 3 1897: The Street Car Controller was patented by Walter Knight and William Potter. August 4 1970: Poppin Fresh was trademark registered by the Pillsbury Company. August 5 1997: Patent Number 5,652,975 was issued for an automatic talking potty apparatus to Glory Hoskin. August 6 1935:  William Coolidge obtained a patent for the cathode ray tube, a critical ingredient of TV and other electronic applications. August 7 1906: The Flexible Flyer was trademark registered.1944: The worlds first program-controlled calculator, popularly called the Harvard Mark I, was inaugurated. The machine was built by Harvard researcher Howard Aiken  and supported by IBM. August 8 1911: Patent Number 1,000,000 was issued to Francis Holton for a vehicle tire. August 9 1898:  Rudolf Diesel of France was granted patent Number 608,845 for an internal combustion engine known as the Diesel engine. August 10 1909: The Ford  trademark was registered by the Ford Motor Corporation. August 11 1942: Hedy Markey received a patent for a secret communication system.1950:  Steve Wozniak was born, the co-founder of Apple Computers. August 12 1930: Clarence Birdseye patented a method for packaging frozen foods. August 13 1890: A publisher copyright registered an edition of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. August 14 1889: The Washington Post March by John Phillip Sousa was copyright registered.1984: IBM released MS-DOS version 3.0. IBM first approached Bill Gates and Microsoft to discuss the state of home computers in 1980. August 15 1989: President George Bush issued a proclamation commemorating the bicentennial anniversary of the first patent and copyright laws. August 16 1949: Patent Number 2,478,967 was granted to Leonard Greene of Mineola, NY for an airplane stall warning device. August 17 1993: Patent Number 5,236,208 was issued to Thomas Welsh for a platform steerable skateboard. August 18 1949:  Plant Patent  Number 1 was issued to Henry Bosenberg of New Brunswick, NJ, for a climbing rose. August 19 1919: Hostess was trademark registered by William B. Ward.1888: The first world beauty contest was held in Belgium, an 18-year-old West Indian woman won. August 20 1930:  Philo Farnsworth patented a television. August 21 1888: The first practical adding listing machine (calculator) was patented by William Burroughs. August 22 1952: The Television Show Adventures of Superman was copyright registered.1932: The BBS began experimental regular television broadcasts. August 23 1977: The name Cincinnati Bengals was trademark registered.1904: The automobile tire chain was patented. August 24 1993: Patent Number 5,238,437 for a Bubble Dispensing Doll was issued to Vowles, Barad, Smith,  and Stern. August 25 1814: The British burnt Washington, D.C., however, the Patent Office was saved by the British Superintendent of Patents, Dr. William Thornton. August 26 1902: Arthur McCurdy obtained a patent for a daylight developing tank for roll film. August 27 1855: Clara Barton became the first female federal employee to achieve equal status when she was hired by the Patent Office as a clerk August 28 1951: Oral B (the famous line of dental products) was trademark registered. August 29 1893: Whitcomb Judson received a patent for the zipper. August 30 1968: The song Hey Jude by John Lennon and Paul McCartney was copyright registered.1994: IBM announced it would not oppose Microsofts attempt to trademark the name Windows. August 31 1897:  Thomas Edison patented a kinetographic camera. August Birthdays From the birth of the famed French fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent to that of German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz, there are many famous August birthdays. August 1 1849: George Mercer Dawson was a famous Canadian scientist.1889: John F Mahoney developed a penicillin treatment for syphilis.1936: Yves Saint Laurent is considered the greatest French fashion designer of the 20th century. August 2 1834: Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was the French sculptor who patented the  Statue of Liberty.1835:  Elisha Grey  was an inventor who invented the early telephone.1926: Betsy Bloomingdale founded the famous department store. August 3 1959: Koichi Tanaka is a famous Japanese scientist  who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for work with mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules. August 4 1755: Nicolas-Jacque Conte invented the  modern pencil.1859: Knut Hamsun was a Norwegian writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1920 and wrote many Neo-Romantic novels like Hunger, Mysteries, Pan, and Victoria. August 5 1540: Joseph Justice Scaliger invented Julian dating.1802: Niels H. Abel was a Norwegian mathematician who invented Abels Comparisons.1904: Kenneth Thimann was a famous botanist.1906:  Wassily  Leontief was a Russian-American economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1973. August 6 1859: J. Arthur S. Berson was a famous Austrian meteorologist who made famous hot air balloon flights over the Amazon.1867: James Loeb was a famous American businessman who financially helped to found the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry.1908: Sol Adler was a famous economist who invented Sinophile. August 7 1779: Carl Ritter was the co-founder of the modern science of geography.1783: John Heathcoat invented lace-making machinery.1870: Gustav Krupp was a famous German businessman.1880: Ernst Laqueur was a famous microbiologist who discovered sexual hormones.1886: Louis Hazeltine was the inventor of the  neutrodyne  circuit that made the  radio  possible.  1903: Louis Leakey was a famous anthropologist who won the 1964  Richard  Hooper Medal. August 8 1861: William Bateson was a famous English biologist who invented the term genetics.1901: Ernest Lawrence was a famous scientist and inventor who invented the Cyclotron and won the Nobel Prize in 1939.1902: Paul Dirac was a famous English physicist who invented quantum mechanics and won the Nobel Prize in 1933.1922: Rudi Gernreich was a famous designer who invented the first womens topless swimsuit and the miniskirt.1931: Roger Penrose was a famous English physicist. August 9 1819: William Thomas Green Morton was a dentist that invented the use of ether in  dentistry.1896: Jean Piaget was a famous Swiss developmental psychologist and zoologist.1897: Ralph Wyckoff was a pioneer of x-ray crystallography.1911: William A. Fowler was a famous astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1983.1927: Marvin Minsky was a famous computer scientist at MIT who made inventions related to artificial intelligence. August 10 1861: Almroth Wright was a famous English bacteriologist. August 11 1858: Christian Eijkman was a famous bacteriologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1929.1926: Bernard Ashley was a famous English fashion designer who founded Laura Ashley.1950:  Steve Wozniak  was a computer inventor and the co-founder of  Apple Computers. August 12 1930:  George Soros is a famous Hungarian businessman and funder  for political movements who was worth $8 billion in 2017. August 13 1655: Johann Christoph Denner was the inventor of the  clarinet.1814: Anders Jonas Engstrom was a Swedish physicist who co-invented the spectroscope.1819: George Gabriel Stokes was a famous physicist and mathematician who co-invented the spectroscope.1888:  John Logie Baird  was a Scottish inventor of a television system.1902: Felix Wankel was a German inventor who invented the Wankel rotary-piston engine.1912: Salvador Luria was an Italian-American biologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1969.1918: Frederick Sanger was an English biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1958 and 1980. August 14 1777:  Hans Christian Oersted  was a famous Dutch physicist and chemist who wrote View of Chemical Law and was an early experimenter in the field of electromagnetism.1861: Bion Joseph Arnold was a famous electrical engineer and inventor.1883:  Ernest Just  was a famous biologist who pioneered cell division.1903: John Ringling North was a famous circus director who co-founded the Ringling Brothers Circus. August 15 1794: Elias Fries was a famous Swedish botanist who invented the  system a  mycologicium.1892: Louis-Victor, Prince of Broglie was a French physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1929.1896: Leon Theremin was an electronic musical instrument inventor who invented the Theremin. August 16 1845: Gabriel Lippmann was a famous French physicist who invented the first color photographic plate and was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physics for this process.1848: Francis Darwin was a famous English scientist and the son of Charles Darwin who carried on his work.1862: Amos Alonzo Stagg was a  football pioneer  and the inventor of the tackling dummy.1892: Harold Foster was a famous cartoonist who invented Prince Valiant.1897: Robert Ringling was a circus master who co-founded the Ringling Brothers Circus.1904: Wendell Stanley was a famous biochemist and the first to crystallize a virus, for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1946. August 17 1870: Frederick Russell invented the first successful typhoid fever vaccine.1906: Hazel Bishop was a famous chemist and  cosmetics  manufacturer who invented the first indelible or smear-proof lipstick. August 18 1834: Marshall Field founded the  Marshall Field Department Store.1883: Gabrielle Coco Chanel was a famous French fashion designer who invented the house of Chanel.1904: Max Factor, Jr. was the CEO of Max Factor Cosmetics and son of the founder and inventor  Max Factor.1927: Marvin Harris was a famous American scientist. August 19 1785: Seth Thomas invented the mass production of  clocks.1906:  Philo T Farnsworth  was the inventor of electronic TV.1919: Malcolm Forbes was a famous publisher who founded Forbes Magazine. August 20 1908: Kingsley Davis was a sociologist who invented the term population explosion. August 21 1660: Hubert Gautier was an engineer who wrote the first book on bridge-building.1907: Roy Marshall was a well-known scientist who narrated The Nature of Things. August 22 1860:  Paul Nipkow  was a German TV pioneer and inventor.1920: Denton Cooley was a heart surgeon who performed the first artificial heart transplant. August 23 1926: Clifford Geertz was a famous cultural anthropologist and ethnographer who described culture as a system of symbols and actions which convey meaning.1928: Vera Rubin was a famous American scientist who discovered dark matter.1933: Manfred Donike was a famous chemist who invented drug testing. August 24 1880: Joshua Cowen was a scientist who helped invent the  flashlight  and invented the electric toy train.1898: Albert Claude was a Belgian cytologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1974 for discoveries of cell structure and function.1918: Ray McIntire was the chemical engineer who invented  styrofoam. August 25 1841: Theodor Kocher was a Swiss surgeon and thyroid specialist who won the Nobel Prize in 1909.1916: Frederick Robbin was an American bacteriologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1954. August 26 1740:  Joseph Montgolfier  was a French aeronaut who invented successful hot air ballooning.1743: Antoine Lavoisier was a famous French scientist who invented the term oxygen.1850: Charles Richet was a French physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1913.1906: Albert Sabin was a Russian-American microbiologist who invented the oral polio vaccine.1951: Edward Witten is a famous American mathematician and theoretical physicist who won the 2008 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics. He helped develop string theory and developed mathematical processes to solve the multi-dimensional equations of string theory. August 27 1770: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and inventor who furthered the field of idealism.1874: Karl Bosch was a German chemist and the founder of BASF who won the Nobel Prize in 1931.1877: Charles Stewart Rolls was a British auto manufacturer and founder of Rolls-Royce Ltd who invented the Rolls-Royce.1890: Man Ray was an American artist and photographer who invented the Dada movement. August 28 865: Rhazes was a famous ground-blazing Persian physician.1878: George Hoyt Whipple was an American astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1934.1917: Jack Kirby was a famous cartoonist who co-invented the X-Men, Incredible Hulk, Captain America, Fantastic Four, and Thor. August 29 1561: Bartholomeus Pitiscus was a German mathematician who invented trigonometry.1876:  Charles Kettering  was an American inventor who invented the auto self-starter ignition.1904: Werner Forssman was a German urologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1956.1959: Stephen Wolfram was an English computer scientist who invented the computational software Mathematica. August 30 1852: Jacobus Henricus was a Dutch physical chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1901.1884: Theodor Svedberg was a Swedish chemist who worked with colloids and won the Nobel Prize in 1926.1912: Edward Purcell was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1952.1927: Geoffrey Beene was an American dress designer who won eight Coty Awards.   August 31 1663: Guillaume Amontons was a famous French physicist.1821: Hermann von Helmholtz was a famous German physicist.1870: Maria Montessori was a famous Italian educator who invented the term spontaneous response.1889: A. Provost Idell invented modern volleyball.

The Struggle of Past Identity in Modern Lebanon Essay

The Struggle of Past Identity in Modern Lebanon - Essay Example Using methods from both the sciences and the humanities, anthropology helps us to understand the world around us. Anthropologists work in a wide variety of settings around the globe, including rain forests, high-altitude environments, rural villages, and large cities. (Headrick 2007) Anthropology studies all facets of society and culture is it tools, techniques, traditions, language, beliefs, kinships, values, social institutions, economic mechanisms, cravings for beauty and art, struggles for prestige. This includes, by way of example, but is not limited to Linguistics is the study of human languages, their synchronic structure,and their diachronic evolution, and linguists dedicate themselves to the description and documentation of live and extinct languages. Linguistic Anthropology is the study of the interrelation of language, culture, and human cognition. It describes the impact of humans on other humans. It basically studies human characteristics generated and propagated by humans themselves. Cultural Anthropology: for anthropologists and other behavioral scientists, culture is the full range of learned human behavior patterns. The term was first used in this way by the pioneer English Anthropologist Edward B. Tylor in his book, Primitive Culture, published in 1871. Tylor said that culture is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." Of course, it is not limited to men. Women possess and create it as well. Since Tylor's time, the concept of culture has become the central focus of anthropology. Culture is a powerful human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. It is constantly changing and easily lost because it exists only in our minds. Our written languages, governments, buildings, and other man-made things are merely the products of culture. They are not culture in themselves. For this reason, archaeologists can not dig up culture directly in their excavations. The broken pots and other artifacts of ancient people that they uncover are only material remains that reflect cultural patterns--they are things that were made and used through cultural knowledge and skills. It provides in depth studies of and comparisons between living cultures and traditions. It also studies the social organization of people by studying and analyzing the language, economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption an exchange, gender relations, kinship and family structure, individuals and their relationship with the past. Different subfields under this category include

Idealism, Realism, Marxism and Neo-Realism Theories Essay

Idealism, Realism, Marxism and Neo-Realism Theories - Essay Example This essay discusses that neo-realism suggests that the type of the political system for individual nations can have a profound effect on the international political system. The political system for each nation promotes international politics when it obeys and embraces legitimacy and transparency of foreign policies. It is a potential source of disturbance to international politics, especially where interest groups and public arise to defer the central decision makers such as the United States. International institutions must be used to increase the prospects of international politics thriving. Dominant nations such as the United States use international institutions to initial coalition. The values and interests of the dominant states are reflected through international institutions. They tend to reduce the power of the superpowers. However, weaker nations will always try to go against the grain to remain free rules of international institutions. For example, nations question U.S la ck of participation in International Criminal Court. The concentration of power within one nation is addressed through morality. Morality fosters peaceful coexistence between nations and becomes a tool for international cooperation in politics. In the event of war, human rights must be protected in the world today unlike in the past where countries such as Russia sacrificed human rights to pursue powers. Realism theory affirms to the fact that nations must understand how international systems work before coming together to practice politics (Kaplan).